Which principle is true regarding prior art and claims?

The principle that claims must reflect both structure and function distinctly is central to achieving patentability. Patent claims define the scope of protection afforded to an invention, and in order to be valid, claims must clearly articulate how the invention operates (function) and what it comprises (structure).

When claims specify both structure and function, they provide a more comprehensive understanding of the invention, allowing the patent office and potential licensees or competitors to assess the invention's novelty and utility. This dual requirement helps in establishing the claim’s distinctiveness over the prior art, ensuring that the invention is not merely a replication of existing knowledge.

In contrast, focusing solely on either structural or functional characteristics can lead to ambiguity in what the invention encompasses, making it easier for prior art to challenge the novelty or non-obviousness of the claims. By articulating both aspects distinctly, the applicant reinforces the unique contributions of their invention to the field, which is crucial for a successful patent application.