Which is NOT a provision of 37 CFR 1.131?

The reasoning behind the selection of the correct answer is that 37 CFR 1.131 does not include any provision that allows inventors to "reset" their filing dates. Instead, this regulation provides mechanisms primarily focused on addressing prior art references and contesting their effective filing dates.

In particular, it allows applicants to submit a declaration to contest the effective filing date of a cited reference and to swear behind a prior art reference, asserting that the invention was made before the reference's effective filing date. However, it does not facilitate a process where inventors can change or reset the actual date their application was filed. The concept of resetting a filing date is not part of the provisions outlined in this regulation.

Moreover, the regulation speaks to filing declarations and criteria related to establishing priority, but the notion of modifying one's filing date is not addressed within its framework. Thus, the correct answer highlights a critical understanding of the boundaries set by 37 CFR 1.131 in relation to an applicant's rights and procedures regarding prior art and filing dates.